Concrete roof construction.



J. E. CONZELMAN.

CONCRETE ROOF CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1912.

1,167,480. Patented Jan.11,1916.

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J. E. CONZELMAN.

CONCRETE ROOF CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 1912.

Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

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JOHN E. CONZELMAN, OF WEBSTER GROVES, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOB TO UNIT CONSTRUC- TION COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF NEW. JERSEY.

CONCRETE ROOF CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed May 2, 1912.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, JOHN E. CONZELMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Webster Groves, in the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Concrete Roof Constructions, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a system of constructing roofs of reinforced concrete panels and slabs and has for its object the construction of a roof wherein the various structural parts are first separately cast and allowed to season and are then assembled in position in the building and bonded together to form a unitary roof structure.

Further objects of my invention relate to the shaping of the several structural parts, or units, of which the roof is built, in such manner and form as'readily to be erected in position in the building and securely bonded together with concrete to form a unltary structure. The details of my invention will appear in connection with the embodiment thereof hereinafter described and shown in the accompanying drawings, and are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims.

In the drawings, in which like parts are designated by like characters whereverthey occur, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a saw-tooth roof built in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a top plan of the same showing the roof slabs partly removed to expose the girders and tie-beams forming the roof supports; Fig. 3 is a transverse section through a roof slab on the line 3-3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a transverse section through the roof on the line 4% in Fig. 2, in a stage of partial completion; Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section through the finished joint at the intersection of a window panel with a roof slab at a peak; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the girder and tie-beam arrangement at a supporting column; Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical section through a girder showing the finished joint at the intersection of a roof slab and window panel therewith; and Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section through a tie-beam on the line 8-8 in Fig. 6, showing the column and ends of the girders in side elevation.

In constructing a roof in accordance with my invention the columns 1, girders 2, tiebeams 3, roof slabs 4;, window panels 5, and similar structural elements, which in a Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

Serial No. 694,780.

monolithic concrete roof would be molded as integral parts of the structure, are molded or cast of concrete in individual form as separate pieces or units, each unit containing partly or wholly embedded therein a metal skeleton or reinforcement consisting of steel rods or bars of various forms.

The column units 1 are reinforced with vertical bars 6 embedded therein with their upper ends protruding from the concrete and projecting into the space 7 over the.

column caps 1 between the ends of the girders 2 and tie-beam 3 when the units are assembled in position in the structure.

The girder units 2 are shorter in length than the distance between the centers of the columns and are reinforced with bars 8, 9 positioned in the bottom region of the girder at its central portion. The bars 8 are straight and lie along the bottom of the girder for their entire length; the bars 9 are bent up toward the top of the girder at about the quarter points of the span and extend parallel with the girder near its top side, their ends projecting beyond the girder past the center line of the column and lapping similar bars projecting from the end of a contiguous girder.

The top portion 10 of the girder unit 2 is cut away at each end so that the upper portion of the spaces 7 between the ends of adjacent units in longitudinal alinement is longer than the lower portion. This increased length enables the lapping ends of the reinforcing bars in the top portions of the meeting girder units to project further and consequently lap each other to a greater extent than would be possible if the ends of the girder units were made square. A long lap between the ends of the reinforcing bars is desirable in order to insure a firm bond between the bars and the concrete 11 at the joint. The upper edges of the girder unit are rabbeted or notched longitudinally to provide seats 12 for the ends of the floor slabs and edges of the window panels.

Loops of wire, or U-shaped rods 13 are positioned vertically in the girder units with the short side of the loop extending crosswise through the bottom portion of the unit and lying beneath and close to the longitudinal reinforcing bars 8 and 9. The upper ends of the loops or rods project bevond the top of the unit into the space 7 above the unit and between the lower ends of the roof slabs and lower edges of the window panel lid units when they are arranged in position in the structure. These vertical U-shaped rods or loops are spaced apart at short intervals from end to end of the girder unit, the intervals being less toward the ends of the unit than in the middle region thereof, and are maintained in position during the casting of the girder units by longitudinal spacing rods 14: to which, and to the longitudinal reinforcing rods 8 and 9, they are secured. by wire fasteners or clips.

Other bent reinforcing rods or wire loops 15 are horizontally arranged across the girder 2 in vertical planes and spaced from end to end thereof, the ends of the horizontal middle portions of these rods lying in the regions below the bottoms of the side notches 12 and having extended portions 16 bent down and inward and terminating in the bottom region of the girder. The last named reinforcing rods are secured in position by means of spacing rods 15 extending from end to end of the girder unit near the bottoms of the longitudinal notches 12.

The window panel units 5 as shown are as long as the distance from center to center of the columns 1 in the direction in which the girders extend, but two or more shorter units may be put in the same space if desired. The width of the window panels is made sufficient to enable window frames of the desired height to be embedded therein. The width of the window panel units 5 and the length of the roof slab units 1 determine the height and slope of the roof peaks, as the roof slabs in the completed structure are supported at their ends in seats or notches 17 along the upper edge of the window panel units.

Looped or straight reinforcing rods 18 are embedded in the marginal portions of the window panel units and arranged in parallel planes transverse to the upper and lower edges of the unit. The loops are positioned with their sides near the inside and outside faces of the window panel and are secured in spaced relation by means of longitudinally extending rods 19 embedded in the marginal portions of the panel near its inner and outer faces and upper and lower edges, to which longitudinally extending rods the looped rods are attached by wires or other means. The loops at the top edge of the window panel unit protrude from the concrete into the corner space 24 above the window panel units and next to the upper ends of the roof slabs when the latter are arranged in position in the seats provided therefor in the former.

Elbow rods 21 are embedded in the lower edge portion of the window panel unit and their ends protrude from the outside face of the unit into the space 7 over the girders 2 the units are arranged in position in the structure. The roof slabs 4 are strengthened by marginal beams 26 projecting from the under side of the slab along its sides and ends.

The sidemarginal beams of the slabs are reinforced with straight bars 22 and bent bars 23 extending from end to end and protruding at the ends into the space 7 over the girders 2 and into the corner space 2 1 at the peak of the roof over the window panels. The slabs are further reinforced by longitudinal bars 34 which protrude at their ends into said spaces. Other reinforcingrods 25 are embedded in the roof slabs and positioned to extend across the slabs from side to side. Alternate ends 25 of these bars 25 are looped down into the side marginal beams. The end marginal beams are reinforced with bent metal rods or wire loops 27 arranged at spaced intervals in vertical planes transverse to the side or end of the slab, and having portions parallel with and positioned near to the top, bottom and side faces of the beams. Along the outside of each side beam is a groove 28 midway between the top and bottom of the beam.

When the roof slabs are positioned in the structure the grooves in adjacent slabs cooperate to form a space in which concrete 29 is poured so as to form a key between each two adjacent slabs.

The column units are erected in position and the girder units for supporting the lower edges of the window panels and lower ends of the roof slabs are lifted into position with their ends resting on the column caps. The tie-beam units 3 are arranged in position across the spaces or bays between the rows of girders with their ends supported on the column caps between the ends of the girder units. Cement mortar is used to level up the ends of the girders and tie-beams.

The window panel and roof slab units are respectively arranged side by side across the roof, the window panels with their lower edges supported on the seats on one side and the roof slabs with their lower ends supported on the seats on the opposite side of the girders in each row. The window panels and roof slabs incline upwardly away from the supporting girders and meet at the roof peaks where the upper ends of the roof slabe are supported upon the upper edge portions of the window panel units Afiuid concrete mixture, which may be composed of equal parts of concrete and sand mixed with enough water to make it flow freely, is poured into the spaces 7 over the tops of the column caps between the ends of the girder'and tie-beam units, and into the spaces 7 on top of the girder units between the lower ends of the roof slab and lower edges of the window panel units.

hold concrete mixture confined at the The 7 ioc joints between the girders and columns by wood boxing or metal forms until it sets, but these forms need be of no greater strength than is necessary to support the concrete at the joint, because the weight of the girder, window panel and roof slab units is borne directly by the column units.

Upon the completion of the erection of the roof units there is no necessity for retaining the boxing or forms for the joints in position longer than one or two days, for the small amount of concrete in the joints soon sets, and moreover this concrete at the joints is not depended upon to carry the weight of the roof structure.

A concrete mixture is placed in the space 24 at the peak of the roof forming a solid corner filling 11 at the joint between the window panels and roof slabs. The projecting ends and loops of the reinforcing bars or rods embedded in the various units extend into the spaces between the units, and when the concrete mixture placed therein becomes hard and grips them securely, hold the units together and insure the rigidity and permanency of the structure.

The concrete filling 11 over the girders between the lower edges of the window panels and lower ends of the roof slabs is shaped to form a gutter 30 gently sloping to the down spouts 31 formed in the columns. Strainers 32 are placed over the down spouts to keep dirt from entering and clogging the down spouts.

Having fully disclosed my invention, I do not wish to be limited to the specific construction shown and described, but what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. A concrete roof comprising parallel rows of groups of individually molded roof slabs, each group of slabs being mutually self-supporting, the slabs in said groups being arranged with their upper edges meeting at a peak and with their lower edges resting on horizontal supporting members, each supporting member providing a common support for the lower edges of slabs in groups of adjacent rows, a concrete filling over said supporting members forming a bond between the slabs supported thereby, and a gutter formed in said filling.

2. A roof comprising individually molded concrete units assembled in alternate rows of inclined roof slabs and supporting panel units, the upper edges of said panel units being notched lengthwise to form continuous bearing ledges, and the upper ends of said roof slabs being supported on said ledges, the thickness of the roof slabs being greater than the depth of said notches, whereby the upper corners of said roof slabs project above the upper edges of said panel units, and a filling of concrete covering the upper edges of said panelunits flush with the top surface of said roof slabs and over hanging the outside face of said panel units to form a drip edge.

3. A roof comprising individually molded concrete units assembled in alternaterows of inclined roof slabs and supporting panel units, the upper edges of said panel units being notched lengthwise to form bearing ledges, and the upper ends of said roof slabs being supported on said ledges, the thickness of the roof slabs being greater than the depth of said notches, whereby the upper corners of said roof slabs project above the upper edges of said panel units, reinforcing rods molded in said panel units and roof slabs and having loops extending into the space over the upper edges of said panel unlts, horizontal reinforcing rods arranged through said loops and pinning the upper ends of said panel units and roof slabs together, and a filling of concrete covering the upper edges of said panel units flush with the top surface of said roof slabs and embedding said reinforcing rods.

4. In a reinforced concrete saw tooth roof, approximately upright panel girder units arranged end to end in parallel rows, said panel girder units having shouldered bearing portions along one side of their top edges, supporting members along the opposite side of the bottom edges of said units, inclined roof slabs arranged with their lower ends resting upon said supporting members and with their upper ends resting in the bearing portions of said units, and a concrete filling between the lower meeting edges of said roof slabs and said panel units forming a watertight joint, said filling having the upper surface sloped to form a gutter.

5. A concrete roof structure consisting of rows of hollow posts and girders supported thereon in parallel rows, tie-beams connecting the parallel rows of girders, inclined individually molded window panels with their lower edges resting on said girders and slanting individually molded roof slabs with their lower ends resting on said girders and with their upper ends resting on said window panels, and a filling of concrete between the lower meeting edges of said panels and slabs, said concrete filling being sloped toward the posts and provided with drain holes at said posts discharging into the latter.

Signed at St. Louis, Missouri, this 30th day of April, 1912.

JOHN E. CONZELMAN.

Witnesses A. M. HOLCOMBE, PAULINE AMBERG.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patent:

Washington, D. G. 

